Chapter 6 – Physical and Chemical Changes
Question 1
Classify the changes involved in the following processes as physical or chemical changes:
(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Dissolving sugar in water
(c) Burning of coal
(d) Melting of wax
(e) Beating aluminium to make aluminium foil
(f) Digestion of food
Answer
(a) Chemical change
(b) Physical change
(c) Chemical change
(d) Physical change
(e) Physical change
(f) Chemical change
Question 2
(a) Cutting a log of wood into pieces is a chemical change. (True/ False)
(b) Formation of manure from leaves is a physical change. (True/ False)
(c) Iron pipes coated with zinc do not get rusted easily. (True/ False)
(d) Iron and rust are the same substances. (True/ False)
(e) Condensation of steam is not a chemical change. (True/ False)
Answer
(a) False
(b) False
(c) True
(d) False
(e) True
Question 3
Fill in the blanks in the following statements:
(a) When carbon dioxide is passed through lime water, it turns milky due to the formation of _________.
(b) The chemical name of baking soda is _________.
(c) Two methods by which rusting of iron can be prevented are _________ and _________.
(d) Changes in which only _________ properties of a substance change are called physical changes.
(e) Changes in which new substances are formed are called _________ changes.
Answer
(a) Calcium carbonate
(b) Sodium hydrogen carbonate
(c) painting or greasing, galvanisation
(d) physical
(e) chemical
Question 4
When baking soda is mixed with lemon juice, bubbles are formed with the evolution of a gas. What type of change is it? Explain.
Answer
The reaction between baking soda and lemon juice can be given as below:
Lemon juice + Baking soda ———> C02 (bubbles) + Other substances
(Citric acid) (Sodium hydrogen carbonate) (Carbon dioxide)
It is a chemical change
Question 5
When a candle burns, both physical and chemical changes take place. Identify these changes. Give another example of a familiar process in which both the chemical and physical changes take place.
Answer
When a candle burns, both physical and chemical changes occur:
(i) Physical change: melting of wax, vapourisation of melted wax.
(ii) Chemical change: Burning of vapours of wax to give carbon dioxide, heat and light.
LPG is another example in which physical change occurs when LPG comes out of cylinder and is converted from liquid to gaseous state and a chemical change occurs when gas burns in air.
Question 6
How would you show that setting of curd is a chemical change?
Answer
We can say that setting of curd is a chemical change because we can not get the original substance, i.e., milk back and a new substance is formed with different taste, smell and other chemical properties.
Question 7
Explain why burning of wood and cutting it into small pieces are considered as two different types of changes.
Answer
Burning of wood is a chemical change because in burning new substances are formed as
Wood + Oxygen ———–> Charcoal + Carbon dioxide + Heat + Light
But cutting it into small pieces is physical change because no new substance is formed. We can only reduce the size of wood.
Question 8
Describe how crystals of copper sulphate are prepared.
Answer
Take a cupful of water in a beaker and add a few drops of dilute sulphuric acid. Heat the water. When it starts boiling, add copper sulphate powder slowly. Continue to add copper sulphate powder till no more powder can be dissolved. During this process continuously stir the solution. Filter the solution. Leave it for cooling. Look it after some time, you can see the crystals of copper sulphate.
Question 9
Explain how painting of an iron gate prevents it from rusting.
Answer
It is known that for rusting the presence of oxygen and moisture is essential. Painting prevents the iron gate from coming in contact with oxygen and moisture.
Question 10
Explain why rusting of iron objects is faster in coastal areas than in deserts.
Answer
As content of moisture in the air in coastal areas is higher than in the air in deserts. So, the process of rusting is faster in coastal areas.
Question 11
The gas we use in the kitchen is called liquified petroleum gas (LPG). In the cylinder it exist as a liquid. When it comes out from the cylinder it becomes a gas (Change – A) then it burns (Change – B). The following statements pertain to these changes. Choose the correct one.
(i) Process – A is a chemical change.
(ii) Process – B is a chemical change.
(iii) Both processes A and B are chemical changes.
(iv) None of these processes is a chemical change.
Answer
(ii) Process – B is a chemical change.
Question 12
Anaerobic bacteria digest animal waste and produce biogas (Change – A).
The biogas is then burnt as fuel (Change – B). The following
statements pertain to these changes. Choose the correct one.
(i) Process – A is a chemical change.
(ii) Process – B is a chemical change.
Answer
(iii) Both processes A and B are chemical change